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Sortkrudt

Indtil midten af 1800-tallet, fandtes kun én form for sprængstof, nemlig sortkrudt, en blanding af ca. 75% kaliumnitrat (kalisalpeter), 10-15% trækul og 10-15% svovl.

Sortkrudt er af lav brisans og derfor velegnet dels som drivmiddel i skydevåben, dels som sprængstof til anvendelser, hvor der ikke ønskes særlig høj sprængkraft. Det kan være i stenbrud og kulminer, hvor vidtgående knusning af det løsnede materiale er uønsket.

På ét felt er sortkrudt fortsat det foretrukne materiale, nemlig til fremstilling af langsomt brændende sikkerhedslunter. Disse blev opfundet i 1831 og anvendes for at opnå, at en eksplosion forsinkes en vis tid i forhold til tidspunktet for luntens antændelse.

Omregningstabel for Grains til Gram

Man læser tabellen på følgende Måde:

Grains står i hele tal i yderste venstre kolonne, ( hele 10´ere).

Tillæg for 0-9 grains står i øverste linie

Eksempel: 225 grains. Find først 220 i venstre kolonne. Gå mod højre til kolonnen under 5 tallet øverst.

225 grains er altså lig med 14,5798 gram. Tabellen kan også bruges modsat.

	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
0		0,0648	0,1296	0,1944	0,2592	0,3240	0,3888	0,4536	0,5184	0,5832
10	0,6480	0,7128	0,7776	0,8424	0,9072	0,9720	1,0368	1,1016	1,1664	1,2312
20	1,2960	1,3608	1,4256	1,4904	1,5552	1,6200	1,6848	1,7496	1,8144	1,8792
30	1,9440	2,0088	2,0736	2,1384	2,2032	2,2680	2,3328	2,3976	2,4624	2,5272
40	2,5920	2,6568	2,7216	2,7864	2,8512	2,9160	2,9807	3,0455	3,1103	3,1751
50	3,2399	3,3047	3,3695	3,4343	3,4991	3,5639	3,6287	3,6935	3,7583	3,8231
60	3,8879	3,9527	4,0175	4,0823	4,1471	4,2119	4,2767	4,3415	4,4063	4,4711
70	4,5359	4,6007	4,6655	4,7303	4,7951	4,8599	4,9247	4,9895	5,0543	5,1191
80	5,1839	5,2487	5,3135	5,3783	5,4431	5,5079	5,5727	5,6375	5,7023	5,7671
90	5,8319	5,8967	5,9615	6,0263	6,0911	6,1559	6,2207	6,2855	6,3503	6,4151
100	6,4799	6,5447	6,6095	6,6743	6,7391	6,8039	6,8687	6,9335	6,9983	7,0631
110	7,1279	7,1927	7,2575	7,3223	7,3871	7,4519	7,5167	7,5815	7,6463	7,7111
120	7,7759	7,8407	7,9055	7,9703	8,0351	8,0999	8,1647	8,2295	8,2943	8,3591
130	8,4239	8,4887	8,5535	8,6183	8,6831	8,7479	8,8127	8,8775	8,9422	9,0070
140	9,0718	9,1366	9,2014	9,2662	9,3310	9,3958	9,4606	9,5254	9,5902	9,6550
150	9,7198	9,7846	9,8494	9,9142	9,9790	10,0438	10,1086	10,1734	10,2382	10,3030
160	10,3678	10,4326	10,4974	10,5622	10,6270	10,6918	10,7566	10,8214	10,8862	10,9510
170	11,0158	11,0806	11,1454	11,2102	11,2750	11,3398	11,4046	11,4694	11,5342	11,5990
180	11,6638	11,7286	11,7934	11,8582	11,9230	11,9878	12,0526	12,1174	12,1822	12,2470
190	12,3118	12,3766	12,4414	12,5062	12,5710	12,6358	12,7006	12,7654	12,8302	12,8950
200	12,9598	13,0246	13,0894	13,1542	13,2190	13,2838	13,3486	13,4134	13,4782	13,5430
210	13,6078	13,6726	13,7374	13,8022	13,8670	13,9318	13,9966	14,0614	14,1262	14,1910
220	14,2558	14,3206	14,3854	14,4502	14,5150	14,5798	14,6446	14,7094	14,7742	14,8390
230	14,9037	14,9685	15,0333	15,0981	15,1629	15,2277	15,2925	15,3573	15,4221	15,4869
240	15,5517	15,6165	15,6813	15,7461	15,8109	15,8757	15,9405	16,0053	16,0701	16,1349
250	16,1997	16,2645	16,3293	16,3941	16,4589	16,5237	16,5885	16,6533	16,7181	16,7829
260	16,8477	16,9125	16,9773	17,0421	17,1069	17,1717	17,2365	17,3013	17,3661	17,4309
270	17,4957	17,5605	17,6253	17,6901	17,7549	17,8197	17,8845	17,9493	18,0141	18,0789
280	18,1437	18,2085	18,2733	18,3381	18,4029	18,4677	18,5325	18,5973	18,6621	18,7269
290	18,7917	18,8565	18,9213	18,9861	19,0509	19,1157	19,1805	19,2453	19,3101	19,3749
300	19,4397	19,5045	19,5693	19,6341	19,6989	19,7637	19,8285	19,8933	19,9581	20,0229
310	20,0877	20,1525	20,2173	20,2821	20,3469	20,4117	20,4765	20,5413	20,6061	20,6709
320	20,7357	20,8005	20,8652	20,9300	20,9948	21,0596	21,1244	21,1892	21,2540	21,3188
330	21,3836	21,4484	21,5132	21,5780	21,6428	21,7076	21,7724	21,8372	21,9020	21,9668
340	22,0316	22,0964	22,1612	22,2260	22,2908	22,3556	22,4204	22,4852	22,5500	22,6148
350	22,6796	22,7444	22,8092	22,8740	22,9388	23,0036	23,0684	23,1332	23,1980	23,2628
360	23,3276	23,3924	23,4572	23,5220	23,5868	23,6516	23,7164	23,7812	23,8460	23,9108
370	23,9756	24,0404	24,1052	24,1700	24,2348	24,2996	24,3644	24,4292	24,4940	24,5588
380	24,6236	24,6884	24,7532	24,8180	24,8828	24,9476	25,0124	25,0772	25,1420	25,2068
390	25,2716	25,3364	25,4012	25,4660	25,5308	25,5956	25,6604	25,7252	25,7900	25,8548
400	25,9196	25,9844	26,0492	26,1140	26,1788	26,2436	26,3084	26,3732	26,4380	26,5028
410	26,5676	26,6324	26,6972	26,7619	26,8267	26,8915	26,9563	27,0211	27,0859	27,1507
420	27,2155	27,2803	27,3451	27,4099	27,4747	27,5395	27,6043	27,6691	27,7339	27,7987
430	27,8635	27,9283	27,9931	28,0579	28,1227	28,1875	28,2523	28,3171	28,3819	28,4467
440	28,5115	28,5763	28,6411	28,7059	28,7707	28,8355	28,9003	28,9651	29,0299	29,0947
450	29,1595	29,2243	29,2891	29,3539	29,4187	29,4835	29,5483	29,6131	29,6779	29,7427
460	29,8075	29,8723	29,9371	30,0019	30,0667	30,1315	30,1963	30,2611	30,3259	30,3907
470	30,4555	30,5203	30,5851	30,6499	30,7147	30,7795	30,8443	30,9091	30,9739	31,0387
480	31,1035	31,1683	31,2331	31,2979	31,3627	31,4275	31,4923	31,5571	31,6219	31,6867
490	31,7515	31,8163	31,8811	31,9459	32,0107	32,0755	32,1403	32,2051	32,2699	32,3347
500	32,3995	32,4643	32,5291	32,5939	32,6587	32,7234	32,7882	32,8530	32,9178	32,9826
510	33,0474	33,1122	33,1770	33,2418	33,3066	33,3714	33,4362	33,5010	33,5658	33,6306
520	33,6954	33,7602	33,8250	33,8898	33,9546	34,0194	34,0842	34,1490	34,2138	34,2786
530	34,3434	34,4082	34,4730	34,5378	34,6026	34,6674	34,7322	34,7970	34,8618	34,9266
540	34,9914	35,0562	35,1210	35,1858	35,2506	35,3154	35,3802	35,4450	35,5098	35,5746
550	35,6394	35,7042	35,7690	35,8338	35,8986	35,9634	36,0282	36,0930	36,1578	36,2226
560	36,2874	36,3522	36,4170	36,4818	36,5466	36,6114	36,6762	36,7410	36,8058	36,8706
570	36,9354	37,0002	37,0650	37,1298	37,1946	37,2594	37,3242	37,3890	37,4538	37,5186
580	37,5834	37,6482	37,7130	37,7778	37,8426	37,9074	37,9722	38,0370	38,1018	38,1666
590	38,2314	38,2962	38,3610	38,4258	38,4906	38,5554	38,6202	38,6849	38,7497	38,8145
600	38,8793	38,9441	39,0089	39,0737	39,1385	39,2033	39,2681	39,3329	39,3977	39,4625
610	39,5273	39,5921	39,6569	39,7217	39,7865	39,8513	39,9161	39,9809	40,0457	40,1105
620	40,1753	40,2401	40,3049	40,3697	40,4345	40,4993	40,5641	40,6289	40,6937	40,7585
630	40,8233	40,8881	40,9529	41,0177	41,0825	41,1473	41,2121	41,2769	41,3417	41,4065
640	41,4713	41,5361	41,6009	41,6657	41,7305	41,7953	41,8601	41,9249	41,9897	42,0545
650	42,1193	42,1841	42,2489	42,3137	42,3785	42,4433	42,5081	42,5729	42,6377	42,7025
660	42,7673	42,8321	42,8969	42,9617	43,0265	43,0913	43,1561	43,2209	43,2857	43,3505
670	43,4153	43,4801	43,5449	43,6097	43,6745	43,7393	43,8041	43,8689	43,9337	43,9985
680	44,0633	44,1281	44,1929	44,2577	44,3225	44,3873	44,4521	44,5169	44,5817	44,6464
690	44,7112	44,7760	44,8408	44,9056	44,9704	45,0352	45,1000	45,1648	45,2296	45,2944
700	45,3592	45,4240	45,4888	45,5536	45,6184	45,6832	45,7480	45,8128	45,8776	45,9424
710	46,0072	46,0720	46,1368	46,2016	46,2664	46,3312	46,3960	46,4608	46,5256	46,5904
720	46,6552	46,7200	46,7848	46,8496	46,9144	46,9792	47,0440	47,1088	47,1736	47,2384
730	47,3032	47,3680	47,4328	47,4976	47,5624	47,6272	47,6920	47,7568	47,8216	47,8864
740	47,9512	48,0160	48,0808	48,1456	48,2104	48,2752	48,3400	48,4048	48,4696	48,5344
750	48,5992	48,6640	48,7288	48,7936	48,8584	48,9232	48,9880	49,0528	49,1176	49,1824
760	49,2472	49,3120	49,3768	49,4416	49,5064	49,5712	49,6360	49,7008	49,7656	49,8304
770	49,8952	49,9600	50,0248	50,0896	50,1544	50,2192	50,2840	50,3488	50,4136	50,4784
780	50,5431	50,6079	50,6727	50,7375	50,8023	50,8671	50,9319	50,9967	51,0615	51,1263
790	51,1911	51,2559	51,3207	51,3855	51,4503	51,5151	51,5799	51,6447	51,7095	51,7743
800	51,8391	51,9039	51,9687	52,0335	52,0983	52,1631	52,2279	52,2927	52,3575	52,4223

Omregningsfaktorer

Tabellen kan hjælpe når man skal regne fra et målesystem til et andet.

Grains

Gram

Gram

Kg

Pound

Grains

Ounce

Tommer (inch)

Fod (Feeds)

Yards

MM

Meter

F/S (feets/sec)